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Race After Technology: Abolitionist Tools for the New Jim Code 1st Edition

4.7 4.7 out of 5 stars 596 ratings

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From everyday apps to complex algorithms, Ruha Benjamin cuts through tech-industry hype to understand how emerging technologies can reinforce White supremacy and deepen social inequity.

Benjamin argues that automation, far from being a sinister story of racist programmers scheming on the dark web, has the potential to hide, speed up, and deepen discrimination while appearing neutral and even benevolent when compared to the racism of a previous era. Presenting the concept of the “New Jim Code,” she shows how a range of discriminatory designs encode inequity by explicitly amplifying racial hierarchies; by ignoring but thereby replicating social divisions; or by aiming to fix racial bias but ultimately doing quite the opposite. Moreover, she makes a compelling case for race itself as a kind of technology, designed to stratify and sanctify social injustice in the architecture of everyday life.

This illuminating guide provides conceptual tools for decoding tech promises with sociologically informed skepticism. In doing so, it challenges us to question not only the technologies we are sold but also the ones we ourselves manufacture.

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Editorial Reviews

Review

Winner of the ASA Section on Racial and Ethnic Minorities Oliver Cromwell Cox Best Book Award 2020

Awarded Honorable Mention in the ASA Communication, Information Technologies, and Media Sociology Section's Book Award 2020

Winner of Brooklyn Public Library's Literary Prize for Nonfiction 2020

"Race After Technology is a brilliant, beautifully argued, engagingly written, and groundbreaking work. Ruha Benjamin is that rare scholar whose sophisticated understanding of science and technology is matched by her deep knowledge of race and racialization. Here she guides us into fresh terrain for understanding and tackling the persistence of racial inequality. This book should be read by everyone committed to creating a more just world."
--
Imani Perry, Princeton University, author of Vexy Thing and Looking for Lorraine

"Race After Technology is essential reading, decoding as it does the ever-expanding and morphing technologies that have infiltrated our everyday lives and our most powerful institutions. These digital tools predictably replicate and deepen racial hierarchies -- all too often strengthening rather than undermining pervasive systems of racial and social control."
--
Michelle Alexander, Union Theological Seminary, author of The New Jim Crow

"This book is the best single overview of how and why new technologies perpetuate and exacerbate racism."
--
Rob Reich, The Wall Street Journal

"This book is worthy of the widest readership, leaving us not only with a deeper understanding of the mutual and shifting roles of race and technology, but also, importantly, with the manageable and doable tools with which to create alternative, equitable, inclusive and prosperous futures."
--
Shakir Mohamed, DeepMind, Nature Machine Intelligence

"Race After Technology is a scintillating examination of how even something as seemingly all-oppressive as surveillance normalization is differentially oppressive -- and how we can build alternative futures and solidary coalitions all the same."
--
Full Stop

"Race After Technology spins [a] web of examples over the reader's own understanding of technology and leaves the reader with a new lens to view the world around them."
--
Science & Technology Studies

"Powerful yet accessible, [...] it is the foundation for an expanded, critical conversation about the meaning of technology in society that desperately calls for greater attention, both academic and activist."
--
Antipode Online

"Benjamin's work is ideal for anyone who is unafraid to look at the historical intersections of racial injustice, technology, and where these topics inform possible solutions for the future."
--
Library Journal

"[I]mpactfully written, well researched and refreshingly clear [...] Simply said, Race After Technology will become a staple in contemporary critical thinking at a time when it is most needed."
--
Marx and Philosophy

"Shines light on an important issue"
--
Morning Star

"Ruha Benjamin contributes to our understanding of the dangers of racism in the 21st century in her illuminating account of how racism and inequality underpin new technologies. Benjamin reminds us that racism is everywhere - and by its very nature not only seeps into technological advances but is part of how they are designed."
--
Times Higher Education

"What's ultimately distinctive about Race After Technology is that its withering critiques of the present are so galvanizing.... This is perhaps Benjamin's greatest feat in the book: Her inventive and wide-ranging analyses remind us that as much as we try to purge ourselves from our tools and view them as external to our flaws, they are always extensions of us. As exacting a worldview as that is, it is also inclusive and hopeful."
--
The Nation

"What sets her [book] apart is not her lucid, clear and engaging writing style but rather her broad empirical scope which covers examples from digital security and surveillance infrastructures right through to search engines and AI-powered beauty apps. They are exemplify what Benjamin calls the new Jim Code."
--
Ethnic and Racial Studies

"Benjamin has broken new ground with this volume, which is a crucial read for a wide audience, including novice consumers of technology all the way to the most experienced coders and creators."
--
Choice

"One of the most interesting elements of Race After Technology is that it moves us from the fantasy world of the allegedly neutral robot into a world where we have to reckon with the unintended consequences of digital discrimination."
--
Edna Bonhomme, Radical Philosophy

"Race After Technology provides a clear and useful synthesis of concepts of race within the broader science and technology studies discourse."
--
The Journal of Popular Culture

"In her latest book, 'Race After Technology: Abolitionist Tools for the New Jim Code' Ruha Benjamin offers a detailed, critical and sobering view of the ways in which bias is infused into technology. [....] 'Race After Technology' presents a wide range of examples of discriminatory design and offers a toolkit for understanding the ways in which technology can reinforce and deepen societal inequalities."
--
Denise Valenti, Press Release Point

About the Author

Ruha Benjamin is Associate Professor of African American Studies at Princeton University

Product details

  • Publisher ‏ : ‎ Polity Pr; 1st edition (June 17, 2019)
  • Language ‏ : ‎ English
  • Paperback ‏ : ‎ 285 pages
  • ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 1509526404
  • ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-1509526406
  • Item Weight ‏ : ‎ 2.31 pounds
  • Dimensions ‏ : ‎ 5.5 x 1 x 8.5 inches
  • Customer Reviews:
    4.7 4.7 out of 5 stars 596 ratings

About the author

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Ruha Benjamin
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Ruha Benjamin is Alexander Stewart 1886 Professor of African American Studies at Princeton University and Founding Director of the Ida B. Wells Just Data Lab. Visit ruhabenjamin.com.

Customer reviews

4.7 out of 5 stars
4.7 out of 5
596 global ratings
Essential Reading
5 Stars
Essential Reading
It's an understatement to say I love Ruha Benjamin's work. I have all her books and love each of them equally, but this book is what started it all for me. If you're interested in learning more about the impact of technology on our social world, this book is for you. It's especially for you if you're interested in and open to understanding more about how technology, racism, and other social forces combine to reproduce bias and inequality. 10/10 book — you won't regret it!
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Top reviews from the United States

Reviewed in the United States on August 27, 2019
“Race After Technology” elegantly disrupts the illusion of the average user (of smartphones, internet search engines and automated technology - such as public bathroom hand dryers) that pervasive bias is not directly influencing tech design. In her book, Dr. Ruha Benjamin shines a powerful torchlight onto current artificial intelligence and technological design describing the “New Jim Code” - how algorithms and technology innovations can mimic and perpetuate institutional racism. Her book is essential reading for anyone involved in developing applications, computer programming and AI (artificial intelligence). Dr. Benjamin’s very readable, highly researched and thought-provoking book states all technology consumers and designers think and act critically about issues of justice, diversity and equity in the design and programming as these technologies evolve. For example, Dr. Benjamin relates the experience of an African American computer programmer who found out when that when she put in “Malcolm X” into her phone’s Google Maps, and the GPS voice directed her to “Malcolm Ten” Avenue in Harlem, erasing the history of African Americans in one user’s application.This was a powerful example of what Dr. Benjamin’s book eloquently describes as the “New Jim Code.” “Race After Technology” book is disturbingly brilliant and highly recommended.
9 people found this helpful
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Reviewed in the United States on June 6, 2023
This book has been very informative about the link between technology and race. It brings to light how technology can be helpful and harmful in certain communities.
One person found this helpful
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Reviewed in the United States on April 9, 2020
The author provides some highly valuable concepts and a highly useful framework for understanding technology and how it is intertwined with race. She successfully weaves together insights from very disparate disciplines, which is a value add in and of itself. The only limitation of the work is the tendency of the author to [in some cases] spend too much time exploring the examples she uses to ground her analysis, thus creating an imbalance between historical analysis and contemporary application of her framework and concepts. And there is a question whether other examples could resonate more. Despite this limitation, it is an excellent book that has tremendous value for a range of audiences: activists, students of tech studies, and academics. It is indispensable reading for anyone concerned with the overall trajectory of technology and its impact on black and brown people.
6 people found this helpful
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Reviewed in the United States on August 5, 2021
It is indeed a great read however the vocabulary can be toned down a little bit so non-academic folks can enjoy reading this.
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4.0 out of 5 stars Great read
Reviewed in the United States on August 5, 2021
It is indeed a great read however the vocabulary can be toned down a little bit so non-academic folks can enjoy reading this.
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Reviewed in the United States on January 14, 2021
This book is 2 things:
1. Well written
2. Useful beyond just race for understanding the implications of AI

On #1: If you are picky about good writing and the ability to breakdown complex concepts in to clear pieces, this book is for you. It's been a long time since I read a book this well written. One example of an extraordinary concept that was succinctly written (you could write an entire PhD thesis on this): "[Algorithms] have the allure of objectivity without public accountability...Consider that machine learning systems allow government officials to outsource decisions that are the purview of democratic oversight. Even when public agencies are using such systems, private entities are the ones developing them, thereby acting like public entities but with none of the checks and balances"

On #2: I did not buy this book just for the race aspect. I work on the business side of AI and purposely bought this book to understand how the use of AI may begin to scale unseen bias and lead to large, unintended consequences. Race was just one of the many vehicles by which I could understand this. This book accomplished all of that and more.
9 people found this helpful
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Reviewed in the United States on May 1, 2023
Very inspirational and informative. This opened my eyes to a lot of things.
Reviewed in the United States on August 19, 2019
If you are interested in understanding how to become educated so that you personally may help to contribute to an ever-advancing civilization, this book will offer a way to participate in that effort. Dr Benjamin's thesis is that in order for society to advance, members of society must address the racial biases embedded in the technology we all use. The eradication of these racial biases (implicit Whiteness) embedded in technology begins with making an effort to learn to perceive the racial biases that hinder the optimum advancement of technology, and then seek out ways to help grow technologies that truly advance the nobility of all people. Dr Benjamin's view is world-embracing, her tone inviting, her research erudite. A great read for anyone interested in progress, and a required read for any student of race critical studies.
14 people found this helpful
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Reviewed in the United States on February 6, 2023
It's an understatement to say I love Ruha Benjamin's work. I have all her books and love each of them equally, but this book is what started it all for me. If you're interested in learning more about the impact of technology on our social world, this book is for you. It's especially for you if you're interested in and open to understanding more about how technology, racism, and other social forces combine to reproduce bias and inequality. 10/10 book — you won't regret it!
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5.0 out of 5 stars Essential Reading
Reviewed in the United States on February 6, 2023
It's an understatement to say I love Ruha Benjamin's work. I have all her books and love each of them equally, but this book is what started it all for me. If you're interested in learning more about the impact of technology on our social world, this book is for you. It's especially for you if you're interested in and open to understanding more about how technology, racism, and other social forces combine to reproduce bias and inequality. 10/10 book — you won't regret it!
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5 people found this helpful
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Top reviews from other countries

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Paulo de Tarço
5.0 out of 5 stars Excelente
Reviewed in Brazil on October 8, 2023
Ótimo
Tijs
5.0 out of 5 stars Must have!
Reviewed in Canada on March 6, 2022
Must have!
Graham
5.0 out of 5 stars Well Written and Informative
Reviewed in the United Kingdom on March 21, 2023
Thoroughly enjoyed this book. It is enlightening and informative and well worth the investment in time.

If you want to know why you should read it then take a look at the less favourable reviews. The bias they exhibit is what this book will help you understand.
Shdsha Oinkel
5.0 out of 5 stars I LOVE IT
Reviewed in Germany on November 5, 2020
I really love this detailed science book! Really a piece of important messages for our future and present, as well.
Bronwyn Carlson
5.0 out of 5 stars Brilliant book
Reviewed in Australia on December 30, 2020
Brilliant book- arrived on time and well worth a read